Winkel vs. Family Health Care free essay sample

End Chapter Questions Chapter 9 9. 4 – Business Ethics: Winkel vs. Family Health Care FHC entered a written employee contract to provide certain benefits to Winkel. During the period of the contractual agreement, both parties entered into a modified oral agreement of the written contract. The agreement was that FHC would pay a higher salary and give a profit – share bonus. FHC gave Winkel the increase in salary a year later, but did not give in the profit-share. 1. Does Winkel receive the profit sharing bonus? Yes!Because in the State that this contract is performed under, Winkel is entitled to the profit share bonus. The original written contract states nothing about the raise or profit-share. Unfortunately because FHC went into an oral modification of the written contract which is permitted in the State, FHC must hold to its oral obligation. 2. Did Dr. Vranich of FHC act ethically in raising the defense that the contract was not in writing? No! Dr. We will write a custom essay sample on Winkel vs. Family Health Care or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Vranich did act ethically by owning up to one part of the oral modification in paying Winkel the higher salary.By executing one portion of the oral modification she maybe felt she did not have to execute the other portion. Dr. Vranich did not act ethically in raising this defense because an oral modification was made and partially executed which in the State that this occurred allows an executed oral agreement. Chapter 10 10. 7 – Implied Terms When considering the case of Cerdes vs. Wright, we have a situation where implied terms can be involved. What makes this case implied is because we are dealing with a modern contract that allows certain situations of the contract to be somewhat flexible.In this case, Cerdes is suing Wright for breach of contract. Cerdes did not finish the job in enough time that was suitable for Wright. Therefore Wright proceeded to hire other service to complete the job. Due to the fact that time was the purpose of the change in contractors, implied terms can be enforced. The length of time that should be assumed in this case if not stated in the contract should be based on the job and how long it should typically take for a construction of a house. You would be able to determine this by an average number of homes that size being built.If the Cerdes is discovered to have taken too much time, then he should not be awarded the full amount of the contract. Chapter 11 11. 4 Preexisting Duty In this case a contract has been constructed to Gough to provide certain things in the construction of a shoe store. After Gough completed the task, the next day the project fell apart. Even though the contractor told Gough to comeback and rebuild the project and also would pay, Gough may not be allowed to recover his money. The reason for this is because the original contract stated that they were responsible for all of the Labor!!!Therefore because it was a preexisting duty the initial contract is what is considered. Chapter 13 13. 1 – Unilateral mistake In the Case of Steele vs. Goettee, Goettee signed a contract handing over an estate that was estimated at a certain square footage. It was revealed that there was a Big mistake in the estimation of the property. This has caused the value of the offer to go up and now the Steele family is suing. Because this is a matter where there was a miscalculation in numbers and it also would be a steal if this contract had went through, the estate holder can rescind the contract.

Examine how Valvular heart valve disease has caused a major problem worldwide The WritePass Journal

Examine how Valvular heart valve disease has caused a major problem worldwide Introduction: Examine how Valvular heart valve disease has caused a major problem worldwide Introduction:Definition:Cellular sources:Biomaterials:Sterilization methods:Pre-clinical trials:Biomechanical culture:Commercialized products:Challenges:Conclusion:REFERENCES:Related Introduction: Valvular heart valve disease caused a major problem worldwide, result in increasing rate of morbidity and mortality (Rashid et al., 2004). Each of the four valves of heart can be affected by dysfunction (Mol et al., 2009). The common solution is the replacement of diseased valves either mechanical or bioprostheses. However, they are associated with shortcoming. Patients with mechanical valves are associated with long term of anticoagulation therapy which leads in higher risk of complications (Hjortnaes et al., 2009).   Bioprosthetic valves are less durable, enable to grow and repair and lead to calcification. Moreover, they are associated with reoperation especially with young patients. None of these valves are capable to restore native valves functions.   To overcome replacement shortage of heart valve, in the mid of 1980s in the USA, tissue engineering concept was proposed as alternative solution and has the capability to produce autologous heart valves (Matsumura, 2003). Definition: Tissue engineering of heart valves is manipulation of biological molecules and cells for the purpose of creating new structures capable of metabolic activity. (Vesely, 2005). Approaches: Worldwide, two main approaches have been used to achieve the desirable and clinical needs of heart valves; regeneration and repopulation (Vesely, 2005). In the first approach, decellularized xenograft (ECM proteins; collagen or fibrin) or allograft served as valve biological scaffold, mixed with autologous cells (myofibroblast and endothelial) has been seeded in vitro (Mendelson and Schoen, 2006), (Neuenschwander, 2004). However, limitations of this approach are; the construct lack the ability to grow, long term mechanical properties could alter physical properties of the native valves and a possibility of disease transmission (Neuenschwander, 2004). Moreover, inflammatory reaction due to ECM proteins used may deteriorate the scaffold result in biomechanical damage (Mendelson and Schoen, 2006). A biodegradable synthetic scaffold is the traditional approach in which cells of a specific phenotype are transplanted onto a bioresorbable scaffold in the shape of heart valves (Vesely, 2005).These biocompatible materials offer several advantages; Due to degradation products, they have neither side effects nor immunogenic reactions.   They are harmless and easy to handle. At the site of implantation, the remaining autologous living structures after complete biodegradation of the scaffolds have the ability to remodel, to adapt and to grow (Neuenschwander, 2004). The danger of the transmission of new infections and immunogenic reactions is minor as a result of utilization of autologous cells which lead to identical bioengineered tissues to host cells (Neuenschwander, 2004). Extracellular matrix material is formed by the cells after attachment and the polymer scaffold degrades (Fuchs et al., 2001). As shown in (Shinoka et al., 1995) mixed cell population of endothelial cells and from ovine arteries were isolated and separated from each other by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. An acetylated low-density lipoprotein marker was used to label endothelial cells. Myofibroblasts were seeded onto polyglycolic acid scaffolds which then seeded with endothelial cells. Before new tissues being regenerated, the degrading scaffold cannot tolerate pressures of the left ventricle (Vesely, 2005). Therefore, the constructs were implanted in sheep in place of the native right posterior leaflet of the pulmonary valve.   This approach results in trivial pulmonary regurgitation in autografts but moderate in allografts and doesn’t show stenosis (Shinoka et al., 1995). Repopulation is the less popular approach. Complex structure (collagen) is fabricated by manipulating biological molecules.   Prior to implanting, cleaning off the porcine aortic valve from cells is required, and leaving intact the connective tissue matrix. Then, the acellular matrix of the patients cells is repopulated, stimulated and thus result in creating a living tissue resemble to the native tissue (Vesely, 2005). Cellular sources: In tissue engineered valve applications, mesenchymal stem cells and differentiated tissue-specific cells (including circulating endothelial progenitor cells or smooth muscle cells) are the two main types used. They are harvested from either patients or experimental animals (Vesely, 2005). Stem cells along with the appropriate matrix are expected to provide a broader source of either autologous or allogenic cell lines once differentiated to the proper end point. Thus, they are beneficial for therapeutic use in the cardiovascular field (Vesely, 2005). Animals’ tissues such as canine and pigs are conducting in a research with variability in successful implantation.   Mesenchymal stem cells for TE of ECM scaffolds have been obtained from canine tissues. Also, due to presence of type 1 and IV collagen and fibronectin, ECM from pig’s tissues showed ability to grow to a single layer (Rashid et al., 2004). In most approaches, veins (saphenous vein) or peripheral arteries (radial artery, mammary artery) are efficient sources of cells. Mixed vascular cell populations give rise to myofibroblast and endothelial cells lines. myofibroplasts derived from arteries show decreased proliferation in monolayer culture and ECM formation when cultivated on three dimensional structure compared to cells obtained from veins (Neuenschwander, 2004). Another promising alternative source of heart valves can be derived from progenitor cells derived from peripheral blood and bone marrow cells (mesenchymal stem cells). MSC can be differentiated into different tissues, are easy to obtain, shows high proliferating capacity in vitro and faster growing than vascular derived cells. They produce well developed ECM after cultivation under bio-mimetic conditions (Neuenschwander, 2004). Biomaterials: There are two principal choices of scaffold; naturally or synthetic polymeric scaffolds. Exogenous ECM scaffolds are required to provide mechanical support until the target newly tissue is formed and become stable. Designing is based on the target cells population needed to implant at the injury or diseased sites. In vivo, they are degraded alongside the implanted functionally tissues grow and organize their matrix structure (Kim et al., 2010). Non-toxic, biodegradable and biocompatible scaffolds serve as a temporary matrix for the seeded cells due to their own a highly porous microstructure that supply nutrients required for growth and necessary for waste removal. They possess structural integrity to withstand in vitro and in vivo loading. The most widely used in HVE are polyglycolic acid (PGA), polylactic acid (PLA) and their copolymers (PGLA). PGA is highly resorbable, linear, a highly crystalline and have a high melting point. PLA reduce the rate of hydrolysis and have limited water uptake. In all of that, to facilitate tissue growth, growth factors are integrated in the scaffold. However, a number of disadvantages must be overcome; slow or incomplete degradation that cause inflammation, limited nutrients and oxygen delivery to deep cells and fibrosis (scar) occupied the space formed after scaffold degradation (Mendelson and Schoen, 2006). Natural scaffold composed of decellularized xenograft or allograft tissue or ECM components such as collagen or fibrin (Mendelson and Schoen, 2006). Fibrin gel scaffold can be designed into a valve structure to form a biodegradable, autologous scaffold.   Blood is the source of fibrin gel and mould into autologous manner to work against immunogenicity. Seeding cells into fibrin scaffold results in good tissue development with viable fibroblast. However, fibrin scaffold would lack mechanical strength (Knight, 2004). Furthermore, in a process similar to the contraction of a wound healing, cells entrapped in collagen gels compact the gel, improve their property and increase density (Mendelson and Schoen, 2006). But, any scaffold made from collagen alone would like to degenerate very quickly due to in vivo forces affected heart valves (Knight, 2004). Moreover, hyaluronan is a glycosaminoglycan polymer with a repeating disaccharide structure and being used as biocompatible material ECM scaffold. It imparts viscoelastic properties and applies pressure that gives tissues compressive resistance (Vesely, 2005). Sterilization methods: Several methods are used to sterile materials utilized in process of seeding and tissue harvesting. 1) Dry heat sterilization in which items are placed in an oven for one hour at 160T to be sterilized by dry heat. 2) Moist heat sterilization is used to autoclave objects and solutions not suitable for dry heat sterilization for 20 minutes at 121 T, 15 pounds per square inch (psi). 3) 0.2ptm filters are used to sterilize solutions not suitable for autoclaving (Knight, 2004). Pre-clinical trials: Animal model is an essential part of biomedical research to approve tissue engineered devices by FDA in order to carry on clinical trials. Using animal tissues as sources relies on many factors; cost, ethical considerations, availability and the nature of the tested tissue. In Zilla study (Zilla et al., 1994), baboons were used to study the proliferation of seeding (endothelial cells) EC on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) grafts. Compared to the control of unseeded graft, seeded graft showed persistent confluent EC layer through time with the aid of fibrin glue enriched with RGD (Zilla et al., 1994). Due to similar anatomy and physiology to that of humans, pigs have been used widely for experimental study. Also, they are cooperative without general anesthesia. They are capable of rabid growth so limiting the time required for TE construct (Rashid et al., 2004). Biodegradable polyglycolic acid (PGA) scaffold was treated by sodium hydroxide and modified seeded bovine SMC and EC were used by Niklason and co-workers in after 24 days of implantation in swine model. Ovine and caprine are also models to study TE due to large size and easy access to the carotid artery in the long neck. They can be used for long term study because adult animal can’t grow (Rashid et al., 2004). In a number of researches, sheep model was used widely but ordained for failure as a result of exuberant fibrotic response to implants (Vesely, 2005). Compared to humans, implants grow rapidly with fibrotic tissue in sheep (Schoen, 2011). In preclinical testing, the choice of animal model is a challenge owing to immunologic considerations (Mendelson and Schoen, 2006). Biomechanical culture: Various parameters determine the optimal conditioning protocols; the scaffold, the magnitude and types of mechanical cues, the sensitivity of cell to the used scaffolds. Bioreactors in TEHV have been developed to improve tissue formation, organization and functions and to stimulate dynamic mechanical of the TEHV. Moreover, to mimic native excitation-contraction coupling, electrical stimulation has been used. Additionally, to mimic the diastolic phase of the cardiac cycle, a diastolic pulse duplicator bioreactor has been developed which result in dynamic tissue straining (Sacks et al., 2009). Commercialized products: In October 2000, CE Mark approved use of the CryoLife Synergraft. It was similar to decellularization matrix approach by removing cellular antigens using extraction and dissolution. It was expected to sound mechanically as acellular matrix. Unfortunately, complications related to stenosis, inflammation and valve rupture result in death and thus withdrew from the market (Vesely, 2005). Challenges: Till date, no EHV constructs have been commercialized. Before translation of the construct to patients, numerous steps must be considered and assured laboratory.   For example; ethical issues, safety, efficacy and quality of the product should be evaluated. Additionally, medical devices interactions results such as; thrombosis, infection and inflammation will have to be accepted. There is a need to develop tools to monitor the fate of transplanted and endogenous cells, biomarkers to evaluate the patients variability to implantation. in all of that, suitable approach is required that ensure efficiency and safety (Schoen, 2011). Conclusion: Three main issues determine the success of tissue engineered heart valve; 1) sources of cells, 2) the (matrix) scaffold that serves as a guiding structure and determines the three dimensional shapes of tissue development and cell attachment and 3) the optimal culturing condition for cell growth. State of art of TEHV today is still on research, significant challenges must be solved before start in clinical application. REFERENCES: FUCHS, J. R., NASSERI, B. A. VACANTI, J. P. 2001. Tissue engineering: a 21st century solution to surgical reconstruction. The Annals of thoracic surgery, 72, 577-591. HJORTNAES, J., BOUTEN, C. V. C., VAN HERWERDEN, L. A., GRUNDEMAN, P. F. KLUIN, J. 2009. Translating autologous heart valve tissue engineering from bench to bed. Tissue Engineering Part B: Reviews, 15, 307-317. KIM, B. S., PARK, I. K., HOSHIBA, T., JIANG, H. L., CHOI, Y. J., AKAIKE, T. CHO, C. S. 2010. Design of artificial extracellular matrices for tissue engineering. Progress in Polymer Science. KNIGHT, R. L. 2004. Development of methods for the tissue engineering of cardiac valves using mesenchymal stem cells. MATSUMURA, G. 2003. Successful application of tissue engineered vascular autografts: clinical experience. Biomaterials, 24, 2303-2308. MENDELSON, K. SCHOEN, F. J. 2006. Heart Valve Tissue Engineering: Concepts, Approaches, Progress, and Challenges. Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 34, 1799-1819. MOL, A., SMITS, A. I. P. M., BOUTEN, C. V. C. BAAIJENS, F. 2009. Tissue engineering of heart valves: advances and current challenges. Expert Review of Medical Devices, 6, 259-275. NEUENSCHWANDER, S. 2004. Heart valve tissue engineering. Transplant Immunology, 12, 359-365. RASHID, S. T., SALACINSKI, H. J., HAMILTON, G. SEIFALIAN, A. M. 2004. The use of animal models in developing the discipline of cardiovascular tissue engineering: a review. Biomaterials, 25, 1627-1637. SACKS, M. S., SCHOEN, F. J. MAYER JR, J. E. 2009. Bioengineering challenges for heart valve tissue engineering. Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering, 11, 289-313. SCHOEN, F. J. 2011. Heart valve tissue engineering: quo vadis? Current Opinion in Biotechnology. SHINOKA, T., BREUER, C. K., TANEL, R. E., ZUND, G., MIURA, T., MA, P. X., LANGER, R., VACANTI, J. P. MAYER, J. E. 1995. Tissue engineering heart valves: valve leaflet replacement study in a lamb model. The Annals of thoracic surgery, 60, S513-S516. VESELY, I. 2005. Heart valve tissue engineering. Circulation research, 97, 743. ZILLA, P., PREISS, P., GROSCURGH, P., Rà ¶SEMEIER, F., DEUTSCH, M., ODELL, J., HEIDINGER, C., FASOL, R. VON OPPELL, U. 1994. In vitro-lined endothelium: initial integrity and ultrastructural events. Surgery, 116, 524-534.

Bric Countries India Opportunities And Challenges Economics Essay

Bric Countries India Opportunities And Challenges Economics Essay India has now become the tenth largest economy in the world however it needs to engage more dynamically with the other emerging economies to move up the ladder in realising her dream to become one of the leading economic powers in the world. The world is looking at India due to her impressive economic growth. India being the fourth largest economy in terms of purchasing power parity attracts large FDI in different sectors. All these coupled with economic reforms undertaken in 1991 by Narsinhma Rao government, has made India the second fastest growing economy in the world  . Thus to become economic power India needs to accelerate its economic reforms and take further steps to overcome institutional and infrastructural bottlenecks. 35. There has been increase in the share of industries over the years however the revival of manufacturing sector is the reason for rapid growth in GDP. India has become one of the favourite destinations for IT, pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, automobile, consumer goods etc. As per the recent reports   [ 14 ]   published, India has pulled ahead of China to lead the Forbes list of best countries for new jobs. However the potential to engage with other BRIC countries to fuel her economic growth have not yet fully exploited. There is a requirement for India to move beyond cosmetic ties & forge strong cooperation in fields of trade, IT sector, energy, science and technology and defense and space technology sector to enable mutual benefit of all countries in the group and fuel her economic growth. 36. As per the Goldman Sachs report   [ 15 ]   India will be the third largest economy in the world and by 2030, when it will outperform Japanese economy. To realise this dream, India needs to improve its rural infrastructure such as electricity, roads, irrigation and transport to generate employment and should also at the same time invest heavily in social infrastructure. The de-regulation of economy, simplification of procedures and r elaxation of entry barriers for business activities is must for further growth in FDI. The urgent need to improve infrastructure in rural areas for its development so that it not only participates in the growth of the country but also adds to it.   [ 16 ]    Brazil 37. Brazil is the largest economy in Latin America and the eighth largest in the world, based on nominal GDP and ninth largest by purchasing power parity. Brazil is one of the fastest growing economies in the world with an average growth rate of 5 %. As per Goldman Sachs report Brazil will become one of the five largest economies in the world in the times to come, thus becoming one of the most sought after industrial destination. Brazil is member of various economic organizations. At present its 60 % of exports consist mostly of manufactured or semi manufactured goods. Its main trade partners as per recent reports are Latin America (25.9 %), EU (23.4 %), Asia (18.9 %), the United States (14.0 %), and others (17.8 %). Brazil has a broad base in the sophisticated technological sector that ranges from automobile, petrochemicals, fertilizers, submarines, aircrafts, space research and also a pioneer in many fields, including deep water oil research, ethanol production and blending.   [ 17 ]   Thus it offers great opportunities for India to get into economic and trade ties to exploit potential of Brazil and thus further increasing the mutual trade which has not yet reached the desired level.   [ 18 ]

Collaborative writing Assignment against Euthanasia Essay

Collaborative writing Assignment against Euthanasia - Essay Example Besides, there are critical aspects of medical profession that need to be taken into consideration as far as doctor’s role in physician-assisted suicide is concerned (Jeffrey 76-8). The society put their trust on doctors as having moral responsibility of keeping the patients in state of life in line with their Hippocratic Oath. There are several arguments that attract the opposition against Euthanasia that seems real if given critical analysis. Legalizing euthanasia will create a legal loophole that can be misused by the doctors in regard to physician-assisted suicide. One such legal aspect is possible â€Å"slippery slope† from the process of euthanasia to murder. This will particularly target the poor and disabled people who may not sustain prolonged medical monitoring condition and expensive medical bills. The principle of life requires sustained help and medical support to an individual with the cardinal goal of saving life. In this respect, the aspect of socio-economic ability is not considered (Kopelman 87-9). However, in reality medical cost for some conditions requires funds which may exhaust a family and render the hospital or doctors financially incapacitated to continue offering services. For the poor and the handicap, this may compel the doctors to initiate physician-assisted suicide as a way of eliminating the cost factor. There is possible legal incentive that this doctor’s right may create to the insurance firms that may resort to termination of life with the aim of saving money. This is unfair and highly unethical in line with the common moral tenets of businesses practices and medical code of ethics. The aspect of deliberate killing of the poor and the disabled if this practice is legalized evokes the concept of Ethics which can effectively convince the proponents to think otherwise. According to Jeffrey (pg.20), â€Å"Clearly, it would be unwise to give doctors the power to issue lethal prescriptions for the

Linkedln Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Linkedln - Essay Example LinkedIn was officially launched in 2003, with a wide network. The company possesses a diversified business model and generates its revenue from talent and marketing solution along with subscription of premium products. It is a social networking site used by the professionals for their business purposes as well as to increase connectivity with the public and other allied professionals in different fields. The site is used for various marketing reasons by the companies and it provides an opportunity to the members to showcase their talents. It provides a business oriented atmosphere and its objective is to increase connectivity. It is a useful social media for developing marketing strategies to increase connectivity for the professionals (LinkedIn Corporation, 2013). Risk Factors The social media with the advancement of technology is becoming an integral part of business networking. The platform is aggressively used by the businesses for the purpose of marketing along with increasing connectivity. LinkedIn can trigger a wide variety of risks to the organizations such as the risk of information leakage. The risk factors involved can be the leakage of confidential information by the third party which can prove to be a breach. The placement of the advertisements on the site of LinkedIn at times can be tricky which might make the user to download the infected application which causes leakage of personal information. This might lead to the misuse of data and might cause a fraudulent act. The loss of privacy can be a risk for the companies using the platform and their customers as well owing to the fact that a significant extent of personal and corporate information is exchanged through LinkedIn. The risk involved for these sites largely come from the hackers as th ey tend to extract the information and cause legal risk. The platform being open for every user does not provide adequate safety, security on social and legal basis. At the same time, the social networking site is useful for showcasing the prevailing opportunities and talents (Navetta, 2011). Growth History and Reasons for Growth LinkedIn site has shown a growth trend in the past few years. In the year 2003, the site had 4500 members in its network. With the use of the diversified business model, the LinkedIn platform has shown a tremendous growth. It has at present nearly 225 million users in not less than 200 countries. It also has revealed a steady growth as it has 4800 employees worldwide in more than 20 languages. The total revenue amassed by LinkedIn in 2013 has been nearly US$393 Million with the increase in the number of members. Moreover, officials from Fortune 500 companies are their members. LinkedIn uses the data driven strategy to enhance the growth of the site and incr ease its revenue. The data provided through the site to the end users are helping to improve the marketing strategies of the user companies. This strategy is facilitating the business and the members to decide on the marketing strategies along with decision making to increase the performance. This kind of strategy aids in providing accurate and efficient data which in turn facilitates the social networking platform in increasing the subscription and in generation of revenue. LinkedIn makes money by using premium accesses, sales of ad for the products and by providing solution to the corporate clients (LinkedIn Corporation,

Nothing but Useless Essay Example for Free

Nothing but Useless Essay I am not a video game addict but many of my acquaintances are. I am not a video game fan simply because I am not good as others at playing with the same enthusiasm and commitment. My acquaintances like playing video games because it helps them relax and feel as if they were kids again. Their children also play video games developed specifically for their age group. Video games develop reaction, problem-solving abilities, attention, and concentration. None of my acquaintances has ever committed a violent act. Video game exists in its virtual space, which does not make claims on real life. Video games get the brunt of the criticism. Our government is anti-video game. Yet, market forces can be the only regulatory mechanisms of violence in video games. Only two or three of the top best-selling video games are violent. Video games have no violent impact on a video gamer. Younger players may be vulnerable to the violent game content when the play video games that are not suitable for their age. Although first person shooter violence is common to video games, it is not likely to promote aggressive behavioral models. Kids play with toy soldiers but nobody thinks that this teaches them violence. Video games cannot be considered violent in relation to age, gender, socio-cultural belonging, and educational level. The reaction to the games content depends on the individuals personal traits. Girls do not react with greater arousal to violent content than boys. At least, no research has found any significant difference. It is unlikely that performing violent actions during the play may cause aggression in kids. Although Grand Theft Auto 3 was banned in Australia because of its graphic violence, it does not mean that it could have influenced the increase in crime rates. The problem is that minors often have uncontrolled access to adult games with violent content. Boys aged 7-12 like action adventure. They develop killing instinct only in virtual games but also in the games they play outdoors. Nevertheless, childrens exposure to violent content targeted at mature video gamers should be restricted by their parents and caregivers. I am defending video gaming on behalf of long-time gamers whose hobby has not turned them into psycho-terminators. Video gamers live in their own world of established video game rules, and they wish they could play safely without being disturbed. Were in the habit of regulating our most innocent activities.

The Allegory of the Cave: Turn Around :: essays research papers

The Allegory of the Cave: Turn Around   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Putting the Allegory of the Cave into my own words seems comparable to the Christian idea of using the lord's name in vain. First, I'd like to introduce a phenomenon I have observed throughout my life time. I call it soul resonance. Bear with me here. When two objects emit sympathetic vibrations, the sound or force multiplies. Example: Two tuning forks of the same frequency are struck upon each other and held a few feet apart. The vibration is much stronger. Something basic about each object recognizes a similar quality in the other, and amplifies it. As with so many other laws of science, this law applies to many other phenomena. I believe this is what people feel when they first hear the Allegory of the Cave . . . soul resonance. Somehow, something deep inside tells them that here we have found a singular truth.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Allegory, taken as the story of one man, narrates his life from ignorance to enlightenment. He sits within a cave, facing away from a blazing fire. He stares at the wall opposite him, watching pretty shadow puppets. He listens to the exotic, wonderful, and large words whispered in his ears by the puppeteers. He would naturally turn around, or perhaps even stand, but chains bind him to the ground, and the puppeteers have servants who hold his head in place. One day, a situation arises where he finds that the chains are broken, and he stands. This is against the will of the servants, but they have no physical power over him, if he does not allow it. He turns round and sees the fire and the puppeteers and then he realizes that all has been lies. He is not what they have told him. He does not feel what they have said he does. The fire blinds him. The puppeteers, seeing they have lost another to knowledge, quickly get rid of him by pushing him into the dark cave that looms off to the side, hoping for his demise. The man is lost, he has gone from darkness to light to darkness once again. Something within him tells him to climb, and he does, scrabbling. He cuts himself many times, and many times he almost falls to his demise on the rocky ground below. He pauses often. Until there comes a time when he sees a distant light at the exit/entrance to the cave. When he sees this light, he is not sure whether this is yet another shadow puppet on the wall, but it is upward and that is where he must go.

Readers of Huck Finn

The ending of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain is indeed puzzling. On the surface, the story looks a perfect happy end – more or less, everybody seems satisfied with the new order of things: Jim is now a free man, Tom is fully recovered, and Huck gets rid of his father and receives a chance to move West to start an independent life free of â€Å"civilizing† efforts of well-meaning adult women. This looks like a perfect American ‘happy end’ which so often ends Hollywood movies even if the previous course of events had seemed unlikely to bring about such a happy combination of circumstances. Perhaps the sympathetic treatment of the runaway slave on the part of Huck seemed idealized to many of Clemens’ contemporaries and later critics. At the same time, the ending contains one very important message that makes it less ideal than it may seem on the surface. This is the whole behaviour of Tom Sawyer who had known all the way that Jim was in fact a free man, yet had chosen to withhold this information from his friends simply to have a spectacular liberation. In doing so, he had subjected Huck and Tom to many trials and dangers that are surely exciting to read about, but overall so difficult that few of us would like to repeat it on their own. This callous and insensitive action on the part of Tom, although he tries to justify it with a lame excuse that he had meant to repay Jim with money for his troubles, vividly demonstrates that his treatment of Afro-Americans is less idealistic. In showing Tom’s lack of sensitivity for the feelings of another human being simply because this human being happens to be a black slave brings home to the readers of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn the real situation of the relationship between slave-owners and slaves. To a great degree, such attitude puts Huck’s heroic deeds in context and reveals that many people would probably choose to imitate Tom’s behaviour rather than Huck’s especially if this promised them an opportunity to have fun. True, the readers realize that Tom is not a typical white male as there is probably no such thing as a purely stereotypical person who simply follows all the norms of his class without showing any individuality. Tom does have a very bright and outstanding individuality, and he is notable for his love of a good prank. Thus, he is going to take liberties with the lives and need of other people, including those of his own class, as he had shown during his school jokes. However, would he be willing to make a white person from a respectable background undergo such hardship as Jim did? The question remains unanswered, and the readers can very well suspect that Tom can be doing many things to have fun with things that are life and death to other people, less empowered than himself. Therefore, the ending of the book does reveal the inhuman attitudes of white slave-owners toward their black slaves. The author does show that the life of a black person is no bed of roses even after the basic question of personal freedom is solved. This freed person finds oneself in the setting in which the white majority are taught to see their black fellow citizens as worthless individuals in contrast to themselves – as people whose human value is at least slightly less than that of their own. As to Huck’s kind treatment of the runaway slave, this does not seem so improbably even one considers the wide scale of the abolitionist movement in the nation. Huck is shown to experience pangs of conscience when he conceals a runaway slave, feeling affinity with his own class and race. Yet, like many people in theory born to be slave-owners, he oversteps the prejudice the society imposes upon him and manages to become a moral person by helping a human being. Summing it up, the ending of Huck Finn does not seem to contain any improbable elements that would confirm that Twain cheated. The closure of the book does show that white people often tended to see slaves as inferior, and that many were able to rise above prejudices to help slaves. Twain, Mark. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. 13 Jan. 06 .      

Christianity verses islam Essay

The attitudes of Christianity and Islam toward merchants and trade are similar yet different. Over time Christian and Islamic attitudes towards the merchants and trade have changed.  The attitudes of Christianity and Islam toward merchants and traders are similar. A way that these two religions attitudes towards their merchants and trade was that they both allowed being treated better under god easier for merchants to achieve if they were honest about what their trade. In the Muslim Qur’an it states â€Å"On the day of judgment, the honest, truthful Muslim merchant will take rank with the martyrs of the faith† (Doc 2). This statement proves that merchants could be treated better under god if they were honest. Also in the Christian Bible, New Testament (Matthew) it states â€Å"It is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle, than for a rich man to enter into the kingdom of god† (Doc 1). This means that it is easier for the honest merchants to enter t he kingdom of god than the rich upper-class Christians. All in all, the Christian and Islamic attitudes toward the merchants and trade are similar. As well as the attitudes of Christianity and Islam toward merchants and trade being similar they were different. A way that Christianity and Islam attitudes were different was that some Christians thought that if they gave away their money earned to charity they would be able to become closer to God by serving him, but in Islam they only thought that honesty could get you closer to God. In The Life of St. Godric by Reginald it states â€Å"now he had lived sixteen years as a merchant, and began to think of spending on charity, to God’s honor and service† (Doc 3). Although this statement proves the difference it may be bias because it was written by a colleague of a merchant, this could mean that he was experiencing things different than what they were really supposed to be by law. In the Qur’an it states â€Å"On the day of judgment, the honest, truthful Muslim merchant will take rank with the martyrs of the faith† (Doc 2). The statements from these two wr itings together prove that the attitudes towards merchants and trade were different between Christianity and Islam. Over time both Christianity and Islam attitudes towards merchants and trade  changed. Christianity started off with the Christian merchants not bidding with the traders to bidding with the traders. Thomas Aquinas wrote â€Å"the seller must not impose upon the bidder† (Doc 4). And this change was presented when a letter was written placing an order for English wool saying â€Å"with god always before us, we will carry out your bidding† (Doc 6). Both these statements could be bias due to the writer, the first quote from Aquinas could be bias because he was a theologian which means he studied gods and so he could have wrote more about what the bible states and not what actually happened. Then the letter was written by a merchant which means they could have had different experiences with trade than other merchants. Islam started off with their merchants needing to be honest and ended up with their merchants seeking to make profits and gambling, and gambling for more money is not very truthful. The Qur’an it states â€Å"On the day of judgment, the honest, truthful Muslim merchant will take rank with the martyrs of the faith† (Doc 2). Ibn Khaldun a leading Muslim scholar wrote â€Å"We have already stated that traders must buy and sell and seek profits† and he wrote â€Å"they come under the heading of gambling† (Doc 5). All in all both Christianity and Islamic attitudes toward merchants and trade changed over time. In conclusion Christianity and Islam had attitudes toward merchants and trade that were similar and different, and that both religions attitudes changed over time. A document that was not present that would have been helpful would be a document written by Muslim or Christian merchants because the documents that were written by merchants were written by British and Italian merchants.

Computers in Law Enforcement essays

Computers in Law Enforcement essays The Use of Computers in Law Enforcement A person living in todays world cant help but notice that most all businesses use computers. These businesses use computers to do many things, but it seems to me that most computer activities in the business world are for three main reasons: (1) identification of their product, (2) tracking of their product, and (3) communication of some kind, either with me as a customer, or with the place that supplies the business with their products to sell. As I started to gather information about the use of computers in law enforcement, a new area for me, I began to realize that computers in law enforcement seem to be used for the same three reasons as computers in business. In law enforcement, the product is the criminal. In order to identify the criminal, there are lots of databases that law enforcement officers can use, if they are up on the latest technology. Finger printing identification is available through the Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System that has about 40 million fingerprints in it. Another database that police use is the National Crime Information Center 2000. This is a database on missing persons, stolen vehicles, stolen property, and criminal background checks. This is one that is used a lot by officers who have laptop computers in their cars. Another database is made completely of pictures, which are stored as images. These images are of things like, pictures of stolen things, pictures of tattoos and scars, mugshots of criminals, and pictures of signatures. Another database used by law enforcement is the National Instant Check System, which is a list of persons that cannot buy or carry firearms because of their past criminal history. This database started after the Brady Bill was passed. There are databases of license plates, drivers license numbers, social security numbers, and many other things to help law enforcement office ...

Risk assessment in auditing of financial statements Research Paper

Risk assessment in auditing of financial statements - Research Paper Example SAS No. 109 was issued in 2006 along with seven other auditing standards. What’s important about these eight (8) auditing standards was their common theme – adherence to risk assessment and the audit response to such an assessment. These eight auditing standards were expected to bring about major changes and to give guidelines and guidance when auditing nonpublic entities (McConnell and Schweiger, 2007). The primary objective of these eight standards was to improve the conduct of audit by the external auditor through requiring the auditors to acquire a deeper understanding of a company’s internal controls so that the auditor is in a better position to â€Å"identify risks of material misstatement of financial statements† (McConnell and Schweiger, 2007). With this primary objective, the issuers hope that there will be better â€Å"linkages between assessed risks and the nature, timing and extent of audit procedures performed in response to those risks† (McConnell and Schweiger, 2007). The first paragraph of SAS No. 109 established the provisions and guidelines for obtaining â€Å"an understanding of the entity and its environment†¦to assess the risk of material misstatement of the financial statements† (AICPA, AU Section 314, 2006). The second paragraph provides brief summaries of the specific sections of the standard. The subsequent paragraphs expound on the summaries provided in the second paragraph. Paragraph 3 lists â€Å"examples of considerations for establishing a sufficient understanding† of the entity (AICPA, AU Section 314, 2006). Paragraph 4 calls on external auditors to â€Å"use professional judgment to determine the extent of the understanding required of the entity and its environment† (AICPA, AU Section 314, 2006). Certain paragraphs of SAS No. 109 outline and explain the risk assessment procedures (i.e, inquiries, analytical procedures and observation) an auditor needs to perform to obtain such an understanding. The

LSBM Research Project Report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

LSBM Research Project Report - Assignment Example ..............................................6 Research resources†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..7 Implementation†¦...................................................................................................8 Data collection and analysis †¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦9 Recommendation †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦11 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦13 Bibliography†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.14 Report outline 1. Formulation of the research out line 2. Introduction and general background to (LSBM) 3. Identification of the research process 4. Body Identification off the student enrollment problems at (LSBM) Literature review of the possible reasons why (LSBM) has less students Writing a research proposal for the project Preparation of a timetable Matching resources to the different research questions Implementation of research Collection and recording of data Using the best evaluation techniques Interpretation and analysis of the data Recommendations 5. Conclusion Introduction I will begin this essay by looking at how the general plan and strategies of the marketing department is affecting the student population of the school. Being at the centre of London, and having a well financed marketing department, LSBM is expected to have the h ighest number of students who come seeking education in the school. However this is not always the case. Our main question in this essay is to find out if indeed there is a way that the plan and the general strategies of the marketing departments have influenced the student population of the school. What are some of the actions that the school can take to improve the student population in the school and to try to keep the existing students in the school. If there is a problem with the marketing department and their overall marketing strategies, what are some of the things that should be done to help improve their general performance to the school. Different methodologies have been used in this research to collect data and to find out how this data relates with the research question. Research process Marketing process, involves the systematic identification, collection distribution and analysis of data for the purpose of knowing the problem and coming up with a solution. The timing f or performing this research is perfect and we will use quantitative marketing research to come up with the general research methodology and strategy. The strategies that are used here are mostly quantitative since most of the data that we use here is numerical. Factors determining the research project There are lots of influential factors which determine the type of research project to be selected. The main influential factor however is the relevance of the topic of the research paper. A research paper with a more relevant topic has high chances of being selected as compared to a research paper whose topic is completely irrelevant. To know how relevant the topic of a research is, you need to look deeply into the issues which are discussed in the research proposal. If the issues are genuine, then the research qualifies to be chosen. In our case here the most influential factor that has led to the research proj